The manure devolatilization process was initiated at between 328 and 367 ☌ to overcome the global activation energy barrier. Thermogravimetric data were obtained for the samples at five heating rates of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 ☌/min over a range of temperature under inert conditions. In the present study, the thermal degradation and pyrolysis characteristics of chicken manure pyrolysis were investigated via thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) coupled with optimization methods. The valorization of chicken manure via pyrolysis can give biowaste a second life to generate value and contribute to the circular economy. The connection between the gut microbiome and NDDs offers promising new opportunities for future research. We performed a literature review in order to identify and synthesize available data that highlights the potential association between NDDs and a balanced gut microbiome in terms of composition and proper function. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an account of current knowledge on how gut health is linked with these disorders. Whether gut microbiota homeostasis plays a role in these disorders is not yet fully understood. The prevalence of NDDs, such as autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, has increased over recent years. One of the most fascinating areas of ongoing research is the broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and how gut health may be associated with such disorders. The so-called gut-brain axis refers to the complex biochemical pathways between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. In cases when this balance is disturbed, several disorders may arise, such as inflammatory reactions that lead to atopy, eczema, or allergic asthma. Existing data support the important connection between health status and gut microbiome homeostasis. Several factors affect and alter the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions, such as early onset of breastfeeding, mode of delivery, antibiotic administration, or exposure to chemical substances, among others. The establishment of the human gut microbiome begins in utero, forming its adult-like phenotype in the first 2–3 years of life. Τhe importance of the gut microbiome and its functions has only recently been recognized and researched in greater depth. Finally, we also discuss the interaction of clozapine with ErbB receptor kinases as well as new antipsychotic development targeting these receptors. With the given molecular interaction and transactivation of ErbB receptor kinases with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), EGF/ErbB signals are recruited by viral infection and inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19-mediated pneumonia and poxvirus-mediated fibroma and implicated in the immune–inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia. In particular, post-pubertal elevation in baseline dopaminergic activity may illustrate the abnormal behaviors relevant to positive and negative symptoms as well as to the timing of this behavioral onset. Transgenic mice as well as the rat/monkey models established by perinatal challenges of EGF or its homologs consistently exhibit various behavioral endophenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of the EGF family and its neuropathologic association with schizophrenia, mainly overviewing our previous model studies and the related articles. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its homologs, such as neuregulins, bind to ErbB (Her) receptor kinases and regulate glial differentiation and dopaminergic/GABAergic maturation in the brain and are therefore implicated in schizophrenia neuropathology involving these cell abnormalities.
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